Zero Trust principles, when applied to Privileged Access Management (PAM), create a robust security framework to prevent unauthorized access and mitigate risks associated with privileged accounts. Here are the core Zero Trust principles for PAM:
1. Verify Every User and Device (Never Trust, Always Verify)
Every request to access privileged resources must be authenticated and verified, regardless of the user’s location (internal or external network). This involves strict identity verification, often incorporating:
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
• Context-based access (location, device health, time)
• Continuous reauthentication for ongoing access
2. Enforce Least Privilege Access
Users should only have the minimal privileges necessary to perform their job functions. Access is granted on a need-to-know basis, and permissions should be dynamically adjusted based on the current task or role, following the principle of least privilege.
3. Limit Lateral Movement
Implement micro-segmentation and network isolation to prevent attackers from moving laterally if they gain access to a privileged account. By limiting the scope of what privileged accounts can access, even if compromised, the attacker’s reach is constrained.
4. Just-in-Time (JIT) Access
Privileged access should be temporary, granted only for the duration of a specific task, and automatically revoked afterward. This reduces the risk of long-term standing privileged access that attackers can exploit.
5. Continuous Monitoring and Analytics
Implement real-time monitoring of all privileged access activities. Collect logs and analyze behavior to detect anomalies that may indicate malicious activity, such as unusual login patterns, command executions, or access to sensitive systems.
6. Assume Breach Mentality
Always assume that privileged credentials could be compromised. Implement additional security controls such as:
• Session recording and auditing of privileged activities
• Automated responses to suspicious behavior (e.g., session termination)
• Threat intelligence integration to detect potential breaches
7. Device and Network Integrity
Ensure that only authorized, secure devices can access privileged accounts. This includes:
• Device posture assessments (OS version, patch level, etc.)
• Enforcing network access control policies to only allow trusted devices onto privileged systems
8. Granular Auditing and Reporting
Every action performed under a privileged session should be logged and available for auditing. This helps in forensic investigations and compliance reporting by providing detailed insights into who accessed what and when.
By applying these Zero Trust principles to PAM, organizations can significantly strengthen their security posture, protect sensitive assets, and reduce the risk of privileged credential abuse.